姹℃按娉电殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
铻烘棆褰㈣澑娈煎熀鏈笂涓嶇敤鍦ㄦ薄姘存车涓�傜挵(hu谩n)褰㈠姘村鐢变簬绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)绨�(ji菐n)鍠埗閫犳柟渚垮湪灏忓瀷姹℃按娉典笂閲囩敤鐨勮純澶氥�備絾鐢变簬涓粙鍨�(鍗婅灪鏃嬪舰)澹撴按瀹ょ殑鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐠�(hu谩n)褰㈠姘村鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ寖鍦嶉�愭几璁婂皬銆傚洜涓粙鍨嬪姘村鍏煎叿鏈夎灪鏃嬬殑楂樻晥鐜囨�у拰鐠�(hu谩n)褰㈠姘村鐨勯珮閫氶�忔�э紝宸茶秺渚�(l谩i)瓒婂彈鍒板埗閫犲粻瀹剁殑闂�(gu膩n)娉ㄣ�傚拰鍏跺畠娉典竴妯ｏ紝钁夎吉銆佸姘村銆佹槸姹℃按娉电殑鍏╁ぇ鏍稿績閮ㄤ欢銆傚叾鎬ц兘鐨勫劒(y艒u)鍔ｏ紝涔熷氨浠ｈ〃娉垫�ц兘鐨勫劒(y艒u)鍔ｏ紝姹℃按娉电殑鎶楀牭濉炴�ц兘锛屾晥鐜囩殑楂樹綆锛屼互鍙婃苯铦曟�ц兘锛屾姉纾ㄨ潟鎬ц兘涓昏鏄敱钁夋车鍜屽姘村鍏╁ぇ閮ㄤ欢渚�(l谩i)淇濊瓑銆備笅闈㈠垎鍒ヤ綔涓�浠嬬垂锛�
1銆佽憠杓祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍨嬪紡锛�
钁夎吉鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗙偤鍥涘ぇ椤烇細钁夌墖寮�(闁�(k膩i)寮忋�侀枆寮�)銆佹棆娴佸紡銆佹祦閬撳紡銆�(鍖呮嫭鍠祦閬撳拰闆欐祦閬�)铻烘棆闆㈠績寮忓洓绋��
闁�(k膩i)寮忓崐闁�(k膩i)寮忚憠杓埗閫犳柟渚匡紝鐣�(d膩ng)钁夎吉鍏�(n猫i)閫犳垚鍫靛鏅�(sh铆)锛屽彲浠ュ緢瀹规槗鐨勬竻鐞嗗強缍慨锛屼絾鍦ㄩ暦(zh菐ng)鏈熼亱(y霉n)琛屼腑锛屽湪椤嗙矑鐨勭（铦曚笅鏈�(hu矛)浣胯憠鐗囪垏澹撴按瀹ゅ収(n猫i)鍋�(c猫)澹佺殑闁撻殭鍔犲ぇ锛屽緸鑰屼娇鏁堢巼闄嶄綆銆傚苟涓旈枔闅欑殑鍔犲ぇ鏈�(hu矛)鐮村钁夌墖涓婄殑澹撳樊鍒嗗竷銆備笉鍍呯敘(ch菐n)鐢熷ぇ閲忕殑鏃嬫甫鎼嶅け锛岃�屼笖鏈�(hu矛)浣挎车鐨勮桓鍚戝姏鍔犲ぇ锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)锛岀敱浜庨枔闅欏姞澶э紝娴侀亾涓恫楂旂殑娴佹厠(t脿i)鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭�у彈鍒扮牬澹烇紝浣挎车鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸尟鍕�(d貌ng)锛岃┎绋瀷寮忚憠杓笉鏄撲簬杓搁�佸惈澶ч绮掑拰闀�(zh菐ng)绾栫董鐨勪粙璩�(zh矛)锛屽緸鎬ц兘涓婅瑳锛岃┎鍨嬪紡钁夎吉鏁堢巼浣庯紝鏈�楂樻晥鐜囩磩鐩哥暥(d膩ng)浜庢櫘閫氶枆寮忚憠杓殑92%宸﹀彸锛屾彋(y谩ng)绋嬫洸绶氭瘮杓冨钩鍧︺��
2銆佹棆娴佸紡钁夎吉锛�
閲囩敤瑭插瀷寮忚憠杓殑娉碉紝鐢变簬钁夎吉閮ㄥ垎鎴栧叏閮ㄧ府闆㈠姘村娴侀亾銆傛墍浠ョ劇(w煤)鍫靛鎬ц兘濂斤紝閬�(gu貌)椤嗙矑鑳藉姏鍜岄暦(zh菐ng)绾栫董鐨勯�氶亷(gu貌)鑳藉姏杓冨挤(qi谩ng)銆傞绮掑湪澹撴按瀹ゅ収(n猫i)娴佸嫊(d貌ng)闈犺憠杓棆杞�(zhu菐n)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑娓︽祦鐨勬帹鍕�(d貌ng)涓嬮亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)锛屾嚫娴�ч绮掓湰韬笉鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熻兘閲忥紝鍙槸鍦ㄦ祦閬撳収(n猫i)鍜屾恫楂斾氦鎻涜兘閲忋�傚湪娴佸嫊(d貌ng)閬�(gu貌)绋嬩腑锛屾嚫娴�ч绮掓垨闀�(zh菐ng)绾栫董涓嶈垏钁夌墖鎺ヨЦ锛岃憠鐗囧纾ㄦ悕鐨勬儏娉佽純杓曪紝涓嶅瓨鍦ㄩ枔闅欏洜纾ㄨ潟鑰屽姞澶х殑鎯呮硜锛屽湪闀�(zh菐ng)鏈熼亱(y霉n)琛屼腑涓嶆渻(hu矛)閫犳垚鏁堢巼鍤�(y谩n)閲嶄笅闄嶇殑鍟�(w猫n)椤岋紝閲囩敤瑭插瀷寮忚憠杓殑娉甸仼鍚堜簬鎶介�佸惈鏈夊ぇ椤嗙矑鍜岄暦(zh菐ng)绾栫董鐨勪粙璩�(zh矛)銆�
寰炴�ц兘涓婅瑳锛岃┎钁夎吉鏁堢巼杓冧綆锛屽儏鐩哥暥(d膩ng)浜庢櫘閫氶枆寮忚憠杓殑70%宸﹀彸锛屾彋(y谩ng)绋嬫洸绶氭瘮杓冨钩鍧︺��
姹℃按娉电殑绲勬垚绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囩壒榛�(di菐n)
3銆侀枆寮忚憠杓細
瑭插瀷寮忕殑钁夎吉姝ｅ父鏁堢巼杓冮珮銆備笖鍦ㄩ暦(zh菐ng)鏈熼亱(y霉n)琛屼腑鎯呮硜姣旇純绌�(w臎n)瀹氾紝閲囩敤瑭插瀷寮忚憠杓殑娉佃桓鍚戝姏杓冨皬锛屼笖鍙互鍦ㄥ墠鍚庤搵鏉夸笂瑷�(sh猫)缃壇钁夌墖銆傚墠钃嬫澘涓婄殑鍓憠鐗囧彲浠ユ笡灏戣憠杓��(j矛n)鍙ｇ殑鏃嬫甫鎼嶅け鍜岄绮掑皪(du矛)瀵嗗皝鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勭（鎼嶃�傚悗钃嬫澘涓婄殑鍓憠鐗囦笉鍍呰捣骞宠 杌稿悜鍔涚殑浣滅敤锛岃�屼笖鍙互闃叉鎳告诞鎬ч绮掗��(j矛n)鍏ユ(j墨)姊板瘑灏佽厰灏�(du矛)姗�(j墨)姊板瘑灏佽捣淇濊(h霉)浣滅敤銆備絾瑭插瀷寮忚憠杓殑鐒�(w煤)鍫垫�у樊锛屾槗浜庣簭绻烇紝涓嶅疁浜庢娊閫佸惈澶ч绮�(闀�(zh菐ng)绾栫董)绛夋湯缍�(j墨ng)铏曠悊鐨勬薄姘翠粙璩�(zh矛)銆�
4銆佹祦閬撳紡钁夎吉锛�
瑭茬ó钁夎吉灞簬鐒�(w煤)钁夌墖鐨勮憠杓紝钁夎吉娴侀亾鏄竴鍊�(g猫)寰為��(j矛n)鍙ｅ埌鍑哄彛鐨勪竴鍊�(g猫)褰庢洸鐨勬祦閬撱�傛墍浠ラ仼瀹滀簬鎶介�佸惈鏈夊ぇ椤嗙矑鍜岄暦(zh菐ng)绾栫董鐨勪粙璩�(zh矛)銆傛姉鍫垫�уソ銆�
寰炴�ц兘涓婅瑳锛岃┎鍨嬪紡钁夎吉鏁堢巼楂樺拰鏅�氶枆寮忚憠杓浉宸笉澶э紝浣嗙敤瑭插瀷寮忚憠杓车鎻�(y谩ng)绋嬫洸绶氳純鐐洪櫋闄嶃�傚姛鐜囨洸绶氭瘮杓冨钩绌�(w臎n)锛屼笉鏄撶敘(ch菐n)鐢熻秴鍔熺巼鐨勫晱(w猫n)椤岋紝浣嗚┎鍨嬭憠杓殑姹借潟鎬ц兘涓嶅鏅�氶枆寮忚憠杓紝灏ゅ叾閬╁疁鐢ㄥ湪鏈夊閫�(j矛n)鍙ｇ殑娉典笂銆�
5銆佽灪鏃嬮洟蹇冨紡钁夎吉锛�
瑭插瀷钁夎吉鐨勮憠鐗囩偤鎵洸鐨勮灪鏃嬭憠鐗囷紝鍦ㄩ寪褰㈣吉杞傞珨涓婂緸鍚稿叆鍙ｆ部杌稿悜寤朵几銆傝┎鍨嬭憠杓殑娉靛吋鍏锋湁瀹圭⿳娉靛拰闆㈠績娉电殑浣滅敤锛屾嚫娴�ч绮掑湪钁夌墖涓祦閬�(gu貌)鏅�(sh铆)锛屼笉鎾炴搳娉靛収(n猫i)浠讳綍閮ㄤ綅锛屾晠鐒�(w煤)鎼嶆�уソ銆傚皪(du矛)杓搁�佺墿鐨勭牬澹炴�у皬銆傜敱浜庤灪鏃嬬殑鎺ㄩ��(j矛n)浣滅敤锛屾嚫娴绮掔殑閫氶亷(gu貌)鎬у挤(qi谩ng)锛屾墍浠ラ噰鐢ㄨ┎鍨嬪紡钁夎吉鐨勬车閬╁疁浜庢娊閫佸惈鏈夊ぇ椤嗙矑鍜岄暦(zh菐ng)绾栫董鐨勪粙璩�(zh矛)锛屼互鍙婇珮婵冨害鐨勪粙璩�(zh矛)銆傚湪灏�(du矛)杓搁�佷粙璩�(zh矛)鐨勭牬澹炴湁鍤�(y谩n)鏍艰姹傜殑鍫�(ch菐ng)鍚堜笅鍏锋湁鏄庨’鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆�
寰炴�ц兘涓婁締(l谩i)璎涳紝瑭叉车鍏锋湁闄￠檷鐨勬彋(y谩ng)绋嬫洸绶氾紝鍔熺巼鏇茬窔杓冨钩鍧︺��
澹撴按瀹ょ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)褰㈠紡
姹℃按娉甸噰鐢ㄧ殑澹撴按瀹ゆ渶甯歌(ji脿n)鐨勬槸铦告锛屽湪鍏�(n猫i)瑁濆紡娼涙按娉典腑澶氶伕鐢ㄥ緫鍚�?q奴)顬鎴栨祦閬撳紡灏�(d菐o)钁夈�傝澑娈兼湁铻烘棆鍨嬨�佺挵(hu谩n)鍨嬪拰涓粙鍨嬩笁绋��
銆愰洟蹇冩车鐏屾车鏀归�犳渚嬨��
闆㈠績娉�(闄よ嚜鍚告车澶�)鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)鍓嶉兘瑕佹妸姘存车鍜岄��(j矛n)姘寸鍏�(n猫i)鐏屾豢姘达紝闆㈠績娉靛暉鍕�(d貌ng)鍓嶇殑鍏呮按鏂规硶涓昏鏈夊叐绋細涓�绋槸閲囩敤瑁濋厤搴曢枼鍏呮按銆傚惁鍓囨按娉垫槸鐒�(w煤)娉曟彋(y谩ng)姘村伐浣滅殑闆㈠績娉靛暉鍕�(d貌ng)鍚庝笉鍑烘按锛屽線寰�鏄敱浜庢车涓┖姘ｆ矑(m茅i)鏈夎鎺掑噲銆佹按娌�(m茅i)鏈夎鍏呮豢鎵�鑷淬��
涓嶆憾鎬х～纾虹敓鐢�(ch菐n)閬�(gu貌)绋嬩腑锛岄珮婧笉婧舵�х～纾洪爤缍�(j墨ng)娣伀娑叉番鐏悗鎵嶈兘绌�(w臎n)瀹氾紝娣伀娑插惊鐠�(hu谩n)鏄敱闆㈠績娉典締(l谩i)瀹屾垚鐨勶紝鐢变簬娣伀娑插叿鏈夎純鐨勮厫铦曟�э紝鍔犱笂涓�闁�(k膩i)鍋滄车闋荤箒锛屽洜姝ゆ搷浣滃伐灏�(du矛)鐏屾车涓�浜嬮牀鏈夊井瑭烇紝杩垏甯屾湜鏀硅畩绻佺懀鑰屽師濮嬬殑鐏屾车鏂规硶銆�
缍�(j墨ng)鍒嗘瀽鐮旂┒锛屾焙瀹氶噰鍙栧涓嬫柟娉曚締(l谩i)鏀规檪(sh铆)鐏屾车鎿嶄綔锛屽緸鑰岄伩鍏嶄簡姣忔闁�(k膩i)娉靛墠閮藉繀闋堢亴娉电殑楹荤叐锛屽鍦�1鎵�绀猴紝鍦ㄩ洟蹇冩车鍚稿叆鍙ｅ墠鍔犱竴灏忔《锛屽畨瑁濇檪(sh铆)锛屽皬妗跺簳闈笉浣庝簬闆㈠績娉垫车娈兼渶楂橀粸(di菐n)锛岄枊(k膩i)娉靛墠锛屽緸灏忔《涓婃柟娉曡槶瀛斿収(n猫i)鎶婃番鐏恫鐏屾豢锛岀劧鍚庣敤鑲撴澘娉曡槶灏佹帀锛岄�欐ǎ锛屽彧瑕佷竴娆＄亴娉碉紝浠ュ悗闁�(k膩i)娉靛氨鐒�(w煤)闇�鍐嶇亴娉碉紝鍥犺�屽ぇ澶ф敼鍠勪簡鎿嶄綔宸ョ殑鍕炲嫊(d貌ng)姊濅欢銆�
鐝�(xi脿n)瀹氶噺鍒嗘瀽涓�涓嬪姞鍏ヨ┎灏忔《鍚庯紝灏�(du矛)闆㈠績娉靛惛涓婇珮搴︾殑褰遍熆锛屽皪(du矛)浜庝竴鑸洟蹇冩车鑰岃█锛屽叾鍚镐笂楂樺害鎸変笅寮忚▓(j矛)绠楋細
Zs=Hs(ρw)/(ρ)-hfs
寮忎腑锛孼s鐐哄惛涓婇珮搴︼紝Hs鐐烘车鎬ц兘琛ㄤ腑鎵�瑕�(gu墨)瀹氱殑鍏佽ū鍚镐笂“鐪熺┖搴�”鏁�(sh霉)鍊硷紝hfs鐐哄惛鍏ョ璺腑鐨勫闋悕澶卞強鍏佽ū姘ｈ潟浣欓噺锛屼互涓婂柈浣嶇偤m;ρw鐐烘按鐨勫瘑搴︼紝ρ鐐烘墍杓搁�佺殑娑查珨鐨勫瘑搴︼紝鍠綅鍧囩偤kg.m-3.
鐣�(d膩ng)鐢ㄤ笂杩版柟娉曟敼閫�(j矛n)鐏屾车鍚庯紝鐢变簬绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓婄殑鍘熷洜锛岄洟蹇冩车闁�(k膩i)娉靛悗锛屽皬妗跺墠鍚告恫绠″収(n猫i)鐨勬埃楂斾究瀛樺叆灏忔《涓婇儴锛岄�欐ǎ锛屽皬妗跺収(n猫i)渚垮舰鎴愪簡涓�瀹氱殑姘ｅ锛屽叾澹撳姏澶у皬鍙敱鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨瀹氱悊PV1=PgV2姹傚緱锛屽嵆pg.寮忎腑锛孭鐐洪亱(y霉n)琛屾檪(sh铆)灏忔《涓婇儴姘ｉ珨澹撳姏锛宲g鐐哄ぇ姘ｅ锛孭a;V1鐐哄皬妗堕珨绌嶏紝V2鐐哄皬妗跺墠鍚告恫绠＄鍏�(n猫i)楂旂⿳锛宮3.姹℃按娉电殑绲勬垚绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囩壒榛�(di菐n)鑷惛娉� |
